Preface
Introduction
1 Internet Technology : It’s Use in Library Management 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to Internet 1
1.2 Internet : Technical Background 2
1.2.1 TCP/IP 2
1.2.2 World Wide Web (www) Technology 3
1.3 Benefits of Internet 3
1.4 Historical Background of Internet 4
1.5 Internet Connectivity and Essential Things 5
1.5.1 Communication Medium or Device 6
1.5.1.1 Through Internet Cable 6
1.5.1.2 Through Telephone Connection 6
1.5.1.2.1 Dial up mode 7
1.5.1.2.2 Broad Band Mode 7
1.5.2 Router/ Modem and LAN card 7
1.5.2.1 Modem or Routers 7
1.5.2.2 LAN card 7
1.5.3 Using Internet on Mobiles 8
1.5.4 Wireless Networking 8
1.5.4.1 WIMAX 8
1.5.4.2 WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) 8
1.5.4.3 Bluetooth Technology 9
1.5.4.4 ZigBee 9
1.5.5 Types of wireless Data Transmission Devices 9
1.5.5.1 Wireless Routers 10
1.5.5.2 Wireless Adapters 10
1.5.5.3 Wireless Repeater 10
1.5.5.4 Microwave Devices 10
1.5.5.5 Infrared (IR) 10
1.5.5.6 LIFI (Light Fidelity) 11
1.6 Internet Browsers 11
1.6.1 What is internet browser? 12
1.6.2 Major Browsers : Opera, Fire fox, Safari, Google chrome
13
1.6.2.1 OPERA 13
1.6.2.2 Safari 13
1.6.2.3 Google chrome 13
1.6.2.4 Firefox 14
1.6.3 Linux / UNIX Browsers : Konqueror, Epiphany 14
1.6.4 Cross Platform Browsers 14
1.7 Knowledge & Skills Required in Using Internet 15
1.8 Web Search Engine 17
1.9 Use of E-mail 19
1.10 Other Important thing about Internet 20
1.10.1 Web 1.0 21
1.10.2 Web 2.O 21
1.10.3 Web 3.O / Semantic web 21
1.11 Types of Internet Technologies (Internet, Intranet and
Extranet) 22
1.11.1 Internet 23
1.11.2 Intranet 23
1.11.3 Extranet 23
1.12 Pull and Push Technologies 24
1.13 Portal, Vortal and Subject Gateway 25
1.14 Use of Internet in Library Management 27
1.14.1 Use of internet in Acquisition 28
1.14.2 Use of Internet in Technical Processing 29
1.14.3 Internet in Library Circulation 30
1.14.4 Use of Internet is Serials Control 30
1.14.5 Use of Internet in reference and library information
services 31
1.14.6 Important Information (Web) Sources for library 32
1.14.6.1 LISTA and DOAJ 32
1.14.6.2 Library Consortia-INDEST & INFONET 32
2 Internet Security 35
2.0 Introduction 35
2.1 Confidentiality of Internet 36
2.1.1 Significance of Fire wall 36
2.2 Risk of Computer IP Address 37
2.3 Dangers and Risk in Using your e-mails 37
2.4 Risk Involved in doing (online) confidential transactions
on internet 38
2.5 Internet Anonymisers 38
2.5.1 How Anonymisers work 39
2.5.1.1 Networked Anonymisers 39
2.5.1.2 Single Point Anonymiser 40
2.6 Remailers 40
2.7 Encryption 41
2.8 Internet Hackers and Crackers 41
2.9 Cookies 42
3 Development of Digital Library 43
3.0 Introduction 43
3.1 Digital Library : Concept, definition and characteristics
44
3.1.1 Digital Library: Definition 44
3.1.2 Digital Library : A conceptual background 46
3.1.2.1 Comparison of Digital library with traditional
library 47
3.1.2.2 Comparison of digital Library with www 49
3.1.3 Digital library : Characteristics, Goals and Benefits
49
3.1.3.1 Digital library Characteristics 49
3.1.3.2 Benefits of Digital Library 50
3.1.3.3 Goals of Digital Library 50
3.2 Evolution of Digital Collection 51
3.3 Needs of digital Library 54
3.4 Components of Digital Library 56
3.5 Digital Library Softwares 57
3.5.1
Dspace 58
3.5.2 Greenstone Digital Library Software 59
3.5.3 Other Digital Library Softwares 61
3.5.3.1 Fedora Common 61
3.5.3.2 E-Print 62
3.5.4 Characteristics of Digital Library with Digital Library
Softwares 63
3.6 Selection Criteria and Resources for Digital Library 63
3.6.1 Selection of Material for Digital Library 65
3.6.1.1 Converting Existing Library Collection to Digital
Collections 66
3.6.1.2 Creating Literature out of local intellectual assets
66
3.6.1.3 Considering Digital Literature available on Internet
66
3.7 Digitization of printed materials 67
3.7.0 What is digitization? 67
3.7.1 Converting printed literature to Digital form 67
3.7.1.1 Scanning 67
3.7.1.2 Optical Character Recognition (OCR) 69
3.8 Management of Digital Library 71
3.8.1 Planning of Digital Library 71
3.8.2 Functional components of digital library 72
3.8.3 Digital library Architecture 72
3.8.4 Content Management in Digital Library 74
3.8.5 Handling Copyright of Materials 76
3.8.6 Bibliographic Control in Digital Library 77
3.8.7 Search Medium in Digital Library 77
3.9 Building Digital Library 78
3.9.1 Digital Library with Greenstone Software 78
3.9.1.1 About Greenstone 78
3.9.1.1.1 Technical Features 78
3.9.1.1.2 Interoperability 78
3.9.1.1.3 Interfaces 78
3.9.1.2 Downloading and installation of GSDL Software 78
3.9.1.3 Building up collection 79
3.9.1.4 Metadata formats 80
3.9.1.5 Gather the Documents 80
3.9.1.6 Enriching Documents with Metadata 80
3.9.1.7 Designing collection and Documents plug-ins 80
3.9.1.8 Creating search index 81
3.9.1.9 Converting Digital library to a CD - Rom e.g. offline
mode 81
3.9.2 Building Digital Library with DSpace Software 81
3.9.2.1 A Brief about Dspace 81
3.9.2.1.1 Functional Features 82
3.9.2.1.2 Data model 83
3.9.2.2 Metadata Types in Dspace 84
3.9.2.3 Work flow in Dspace 85
3.9.2.4 Handles 85
3.9.2.5 Search and Browsing facility 85
3.9.2.6 Dspace system Architecture 86
3.9.2.7 Steps for Downloading and Installing Dspace 87
3.10 World Digital Libraries 92
4 Metadata 95
4.0 Introduction 95
4.1 What is Metadata? 95
4.1.1 Definition of Metadata 96
4.2 Creating Metadata 97
4.2.1 Metadata structure 98
4.3 Metadata Types 98
4.4 What metadata does? Expectation 99
4.4.1 Digital Organisation 99
4.4.2 Interoperability 99
4.4.3 Digital Identification 100
4.4.4 Archiving and Preservation 100
4.5 Metadata structuring 101
4.6 Metadata Schemes & their Data Element Groups 101
4.6.1 Dublin Core (Concise details) 101
4.6.2 Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) 102
4.6.3 Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) 102
4.6.4 Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) 103
4.6.5 Other metadata schemes 103
4.7 Dublin Core metadata Scheme (Elaborated Details) 103
4.7.1 Types of Dublin core metadata Scheme 104
4.7.1.1 Simple Dublin core 104
4.7.1.2 Qualified Dublin Core 104
4.7.2 Dublin core metadata elements (Chart) 105
4.7.3 Why to use Dublin Core? 107
5 Data Mining and Data Warehousing Techniques 108
5.0 Introduction 108
5.1 Data Mining and Data Ware Housing : Concept and Scope 108
5.1.1 Data Mining 109
5.1.2 Data Warehouse 109
5.1.3 Data Warehousing 109
5.2 Steps of Data mining process 109
5.3 Application of Data Mining and Data Warehousing Technique
in
Library Management 110
5.4 Steps of Data Mining and Data Ware Housing 111
5.4.1 To fix Target problem Area 111
5.4.2 Selecting databases corresponding to problem 111
5.4.3 Creation of Data Warehousing 112
5.4.3.1 Data Anonymising Examples 113
5.4.4 Selecting Analytical Tools 114
5.4.5 Statistical Packages available for Data Mining 114
5.4.6 Implementing the conclusion 115
5.5 Examples of Use of Data Mining Technique in Library
Management 115
5.6 Conclusion 117
6 Library Electronic Security Systems : Products and Services
119
6.0 Introduction 119
6.1 Need of Library Security 120
6.2 Library Security : Managerial Measures 121
6.3 Library Security Technological Measures 122
6.4 Library Electronic Security Systems 122
6.4.1 3M Electromagnetic Security Systems 122
6.4.1.0 3M Security System : (Products, Equipments &
Consumables) 123
6.4.1.1 Tattle Tapes /Magnetic Strips 123
6.4.1.2 3M Detection System 125
6.4.1.3 3M Sensitizing/ Desensitizing Machine 126
6.4.1.4 3M Self Checkout Machine 127
6.4.1.5 Estimates of Expenditure on 3M security system 129
6.5 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) 129
6.5.0 What is RFID? 129
6.5.1 Application of RFID technology In Library Management
130
6.5.2 How RFID Technology works 131
6.5.3 Constituents of RFID System 132
6.5.3.1 RFID tag 132
6.5.3.2 RFID Readers & Sensor 133
6.5.3.3 Antenna 134
6.5.3.4 Sip - 2 Server 134
6.5.4 Advantages of RFID Technology 134
6.5.5 Limitations of RFID technology 136
6.5.6 Standardisation for RFID Systems 136
6.5.7 Usage of RFID Technology 137
6.5.8 Examples of Use of RFID in Library 137
6.6 CCTV - Library Surveillance System 140
6.6.1 Close circuit TV Technology : Concept 141
6.6.2 Objective of Using Close Circuit TV Technology in
Library 142
6.6.3 Close circuit TV security functioning, equipments and
costing 143
7 Management of E - Resources : Collection Development 146
7.0 Introduction 146
7.1 Characteristics of E-Resources 147
7.2 Types of E - Resources 148
7.3 E-Resources (Priced) Acquisition Guidelines 148
7.3.1 Resources selection criteria 148
7.3.2 E - Resources selection process 149
7.3.3 E - Resource functionality and use of systems 149
7.3.4 E-Resources Access Issues 150
7.3.5 E - Resources Acquisition : Involvement of vendors 152
7.3.6 E-Resources pricing systems 152
7.3.7 E - Resource Licensing 153
7.4 E - Resources Acquisition in Library 153
7.4.1 E - Resource Selection - Decision Making 153
7.4.2 Steps for E - Resource Acquisition 154
7.4.3 Dropping the old of unused E - Resources 155
7.5 Selection of open access (free) resources 155
7.5.1 Open access e - resources to be avoided 156
7.5.2 Copy right issues of open access e- resources 156
7.6 Procurement of E – Resources: Managerial Issues 156
7.7 E - Resources user training for use promotion 157
7.8 Well known E - Resources for Library 157
7.8.1 EBSCO Databases 158
7.8.2 Elsevier Science Direct 159
7.8.3 Emerald full text 159
7.8.4 Engineering Village : Compendex (EI - Village) 159
7.8.5 Engineering Village - Inspec 160
7.8.6 Web of Science 160
7.8.7 Scifinder Scholar & Chemical Abstract (Online
bibliographic index with abstract) 161
7.8.8 Indian Standards 162
7.8.9 Indian and International Patents 162
8 Use of Web 2.0 Technology Tools in Library 164
8.0 Introduction 164
8.1 Internet Technology - Historical Background. 165
8.2 Web 1.0 (The first generation of Internet) 166
8.3 Web 2.0 Introductions (Second Generation of Internet) 166
8.3.1 Characteristics of web 2.0 Technology 168
8.3.1.1 Web as a platform 168
8.3.1.2 Collective Intelligence 169
8.3.1.3 Freedom from software Loop 169
8.3.2 Web 2.0 Technology as imagined by O’Reilly 170
8.4 Future of web Technology (Web 3.0) 170
8.5 Library 2.0: Concept 173
8.6 Web 2.0 Tools: An Introduction 173
8.6.1 RSS Feeds 174
8.6.1.1 Tools used for RSS Feeds 174
8.6.2 Weblogs 175
8.6.2.1 Web tools for Blog making 176
8.6.3 Wikis 177
8.6.3.1 Web tools used to create wikis 177
8.6.4 Streaming Media 177
8.6.4.1 Web Tools for making streaming media 178
8.6.5 Instant Messaging 178
8.6.5.1 Web Tools Available for Instant Messaging 179
8.6.6 Tagging 179
8.6.6.1 Web Tools available For Tagging 180
8.6.7 Social Networking 180
8.6.7.1 Web tools available for social Networking 180
8.6.8 Twitter 181
8.6.9 Social Book Marking 181
8.6.9.1 List or Web tools available for Book Marking 182
8.6.10 Flicker & Mash up 182
8.6.10.1 Web Tools to use flicker 182
8.6.11 Start page 182
8.6.11.1 Web Tools for creating own start page 183
8.6.12 Managing own search Engine 184
8.6.13 Podcasting 184
8.6.13.1 Web Tools for Creating Podcasts 185
9 Open Source Systems & Open Access Resources 187
9.0 Introduction 187
9.1 Open source systems 187
9.1.1 What is Open Source System? 188
9.1.2 Open Source :Historical background 188
9.1.3 Open Source Definitions 189
9.1.4 Open Source Initiative (OSI) 189
9.1.5 Open Source Tools 190
9.1.6 Open Source Operating Systems 190
9.1.7 Open Source Programming Languages 191
9.1.8 Open Source Softwares 191
9.1.8.1 Open source softwares for digital library development
191
9.1.8.2 Open Source Softwares for library computerisation 191
9.1.9 Open Source servers 192
9.2 Open Access Resources 192
9.2.1 What is open access? 192
9.2.1.1 Open Access Archives / Repositories 192
9.2.2 Open Access Journals 193
9.2.2.1 The definition & characteristics of open access
journals 193
9.2.3 Open Access Initiative (OAI) 194
9.2.3.1 Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) 194
9.2.4 Creative Commons and open content licensing 194
9.2.5 Creating Open Access Resource 195
9.2.6 Open Access Literature Searching tools 195
9.2.7 Open Access Resources 196
10 Semantic Web 198
10.0 Introduction 198
10.1 Web Technology: Historical Development 199
10.2 Definition and concept of Semantic web as Lee thought
199
10.3 What is Semantic Web? 200
10.4 How semantic web works? 202
10.5 How Semantic Web is useful to us? 203
10.6 What is next After Web 3.O 204
10.7 Technical Background of Semantic Web Technology 204
10.8 Linked Open Data Project 205
10.9 Important Parts of Semantic Web Technology 206
10.9.1 URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 207
10.9.2 URI ref 207
10.9.3 XML 207
10.9.4 RDF (Resource Description Framework) 207
10.9.5 OWL - Web Ontology Language 208
10.9.6 FOAF (Friend OF A Friend) 209
10.9.7 SPARQL 209
10.10 Road to Web 3.O Technology through Web 2.O 210
10.11 Examples of Semantic Web Products 212
10.11.1 Healthbase - Medical Field 212
10.11.2 DB Pedia 213
10.11.3 Music Brainz 213
10.11.4 E-Tourism 214
10.11.5 Every Block-Mash up Site 214
10.11.6 Other Examples of Semantic Web 214
10.11.6.1Guardian Data Stores 214
10.11.6.2Open Street Map 215
10.11.6.3OS Open Data 215
10.11.6.4BBC Backstage 215
11 E-Publishing Technology in Library 217
11.0 Introduction 217
11.1 E–Publishing – A concept 217
11.2 Types of E-Publishing and forms 218
11.2.1 E-Books 218
11.2.2 Print on Demand 219
11.2.3 Digital Content 219
11.2.4 Electronic Ink 219
11.2.5 E-Journals 220
11.2.6 E - Mail Publishing 220
11.2.7 Web Publishing 220
11.3 Ways and Means of E - Publishing 220
11.4 Advantages of E – publishing 220
11.4.1 Disadvantages of E - Publishing 221
11.5 Care to be taken by Authors in selecting E - Publishers
222
11.6 E-publishing by library : A new concept 223
11.6.1 Reasons Behind Libraries Publishing e - Journals 224
11.7 Library E - Journals Publishing Methods 225
11.8 Open Access E - Journal Publishing 226
11.9 Tools for Open Access e - Journals Publishing 226
12 Cloud Computing 228
12.0 Introduction 228
12.1 What is cloud computing? 228
12.2 Need of cloud computing 229
12.3 How cloud computing works? 230
12.3.1 Infrastructure as service (laaS) 231
12.3.2 Platform as a service (PaaS) 231
12.3.3 Software as a service (SaaS) 231
12.3.4 How cloud operates? 232
12.4 NIST Definition of cloud computing & cloud computing
technology 232
12.4.1 National Institute of Standard and Technology, 232
12.5 Technology of Cloud computing 233
12.6 Cloud Computing Service Providers 234
12.7 Characteristics of cloud computing services 234
12.7.1 Significance of cloud computing in service provider’s
point of view 235
12.8 Cloud computing : Architecture 236
12.9 Types of Cloud 237
12.9.1 Private cloud 237
12.9.2 Public cloud 237
12.9.3 Community cloud 237
12.9.4 Hybrid cloud 237
12.10 Important Issues of cloud computing 238
12.10.1 Cloud Computing Confidentiality & Security. 238
12.10.1.1 Confidentiality 238
12.10.1.2 Security 238
12.10.2 Protocols Restrictions and Rules 239
12.10.3 Use of open source and open standards 239
12.10.4 Other issues of cloud computing technology 239
12.11 Applications of Cloud Computing 240
12.11.1 Application of cloud computing in library management
240
12.11.1.1 Amazon cloud computing services 240
12.11.1.2 Amazon Web Service Pricing 241
13 Big Data : An Introduction 243
13.0 Introduction 243
13.1 What is Big Data? 243
13.2 Characteristics of Big data 244
13.3 Big data evolution, events and usage/application 245
13.4 Big data Technologies 246
13.4.1 Column Oriented Databases 246
13.4.2 Schema less or NOSQL databases 246
13.4.3 Map Reduce 247
13.4.4 Hadoop 247
13.4.4.1 Hive 247
13.4.4.2 PIG 247
13.4.4.3 Wibi Data 247
13.4.4.4 Platfora 247
13.4.4.5 Store Technologies 248
13.4.4.6 Sky tree 248
13.4.4.7 Big data in the cloud 248
13.5 Big Data Analytics 248
13.6 Hadoop 248
13.6.1 Components of Hadoop 249
13.6.2 Use of Hadoop 249
13.6.3 Hadoop - Brief History 250
14 Introduction to BIBFRAME : The Future Cataloguing Format
251
14.0 Introduction 251
14.1 Historical Background of BIBFRAME 251
14.2 What is BIBFRAME Project ? 252
14.2.1 Think-tank behind BIBFRAME Concept 254
14.2.2 New Approach of BIBFRAME Project 255
14.2.3 Need of BIBFRAME 256
14.2.4 BIBFRAME - “The project Review” 256
14.2.5 Aim of BIBFRAME Project 257
14.3 Replacing Old MARC with linked data 257
14.3.1 Visualizing Bibliographic Data in Semantic web 258
14.3.2 Significance of Linked Data in BIBFRAME 258
14.3.2.1 RDF Foundation 259
14.3.3 Inter linking Bibliographic Data 260
14.3.3.1 Interlinking Data : Graphical Mode 262
14.4 BIBFRAME Model 266
14.4.1 BIBFRAME Organisation 267
14.5 How to BIBFRAME? 270
14.6 BIBFRAME Developments (Important milestones) 272
14.6.1 BIBFRAME-Pilot 272
14.6.2 BIBFRAME Vocabulary 273
14.6.3 Zepheira 274
14.6.3.1 Zepheira’s Training Program 275
14.6.4 LIB-HUB 275
14.6.5 Linked data for Libraries (LD4L) 276
14.6.6 BIBFLOW 276
14.7 Library Softwares Ready with BIBFRAME Structure 277
14.7.1 What is Casalini’s Share VDE (Virtual Discovery
Environment) project? 277
14.8 How to get Involved in BIBFRAME Movement 278
15 Green Library 281
15.0 Introduction 281
15.1 What is Green Library ? 281
15.2 Challenges Before Green Library 282
15.3 Broad Objectives Behind Green Library 282
15.3.1 Site Selection 283
15.3.2 Water Conservation 283
15.3.3 Energy Conservation 283
15.3.4 Green Furniture 284
15.3.5 Healthy Indoor Quality 284
15.4 Specific Features Towards Achieving Green library 284
15.4.1 Innovative Technologies for green library 285
15.4.1.1 Light Shelves 285
15.4.1.2 Green Materials 286
15.4.1.3 Green Roofs 286
15.4.1.4 Geothermal Heating and Cooling 287
15.4.1.5 Rain water Harvesting 287
15.4.1.6 Waterless Urinals 287
15.5 Green Library Movements, Rational, Specifications and
Standards 287
15.5.1 Specifications and Standards for Green Libraries 289
15.5.1.1 Specification 289
15.5.1.2 Standards for Green Building 289
15.6 Role of Librarians in agreeing Libraries 290
15.7 World Flagship Green Libraries 290
15.7.1 Anythink Brighton: Brighton 290
15.7.2 The National Library of Singapore 291
15.7.3 Blair Library, USA 291
15.7.4 Spanish Peaks Library, Wilsonberg, UK 291
15.7.5 Fayetteville (AR)Public Library 291
15.7.6 Minneapolis Public Library 291
15.7.7 Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County 292
15.7.8 Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh 292
15.7.9 University of California, Merced Kolligian Library 292
16 Future Technologies in Future Libraries: A Review 293
16.0 Introduction 293
16.1 Review of Future Technologies for Library 293
16.1.1 Library of the future: 8 technologies we would love to
see
(https://ebookfriedly.com/library-future-technologies/) 293
16.1.2 Innovative technologies to implement in the library of
the future
(http://princh.com) 294
16.1.3 How technology is changing the future of libraries
(http://hub.wiley. com) 294
16.1.4 Library trends for 2018 (www.techsouplibraries.org)
294
16.1.5 Top library trends : American Library Magazine
(http://american librariesmagazine.org) 295
16.1.6 Predicting the future: Library technology to keep in
mind
(http://www.tandfonline.com) 295
16.1.7 What is future of library technology
(http://edtechnology.co.uk) 295
16.1.8 Other articles and sources relating to future of
library technology 296
16.2 Future Libraries with Future Technology 297
16.2.1 Big Data 297
16.2.2 Virtual Reality 298
16.2.3 Augmented Reality 298
16.2.4 Blockchain Technology 298
16.2.5 Library and Internet of Things (IOT) 300
16.2.6 Library Mobile Apps 300
16.2.7 Drones 301
16.2.8 Robots 302
16.2.9 Digital Interface for Printed Book 302
16.2.10 Intelligent Library Guide and Book Mark 302
16.2.11 Maker-Space Programme for Public Library 303
16.2.12 Library Utensils 303
16.2.13 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Library
304
16.2.14 Use of Biometrics, Digital Signatures and Smart Cards
for Authentication 306
16.2.15 Digital Preservation 307
16.2.16 3D Printing Technology 307
16.3 Emerging Terminologies : A Review 308
16.3.1 Repositories-ROAR,DOAR-Open DOAR,SHERPA and
SHERPA - RoMEO 308
16.3.2 Internet Terminologies-HTTP, HTTPS,FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP,
URL and URI 310
16.3.3 RDF and RDFs 313
16.3.4 Cataloguing Standards and Protocols- ISO 2709, Z39.50,
Z39.71 and Z39.2 314
16.3.5 Bibliographic Record Formats and Standards – ISBD,
MARC 21,
CCF, RDA, FRBR, Bibframe. 314
16.3.6 Data Harvesting 316
16.3.7 Social Mobile Analytics and Cloud (SMAC) 316
16.3.8 Intrusion Detection System 317
Index 319
